Postmodern narratives will often deliberately disturb the formulaic expectations such cultural codes provide, pointing thereby to a possible revision of the social code. They argue for the existence of a "multiplicity of theoretical standpoints" rather than for grand, all-encompassing theories.Īccording to John Stephens and Robyn McCallum, a metanarrative "is a global or totalizing cultural narrative schema which orders and explains knowledge and experience" – a story about a story, encompassing and explaining other "little stories" within conceptual models that assemble the "little stories" into a whole. Postmodernists attempt to replace metanarratives by focusing on specific local contexts as well as on the diversity of human experience. Borrowing from the works of Wittgenstein and his theory of the "models of discourse", Lyotard constructs his vision of a progressive politics, grounded in the cohabitation of a whole range of diverse and always locally legitimated language-games. Lyotard proposed that metanarratives should give way to petits récits, or more modest and "localized" narratives, which can ''throw off" the grand narrative by bringing into focus the singular event. Replacing grand, universal narratives with small, local narratives His critics point out the awkward fact that meta-narratives clearly continue to play a major role in the current postmodern world. states that it is unclear whether Lyotard is describing a global condition of skepticism towards metanarratives in postmodernity, or prescribing such skepticism. First, attempts to construct grand theories tend to unduly dismiss the naturally existing chaos and disorder of the universe, the power of the individual event. Lyotard and other poststructuralist thinkers (like Foucault) view this as a broadly positive development for a number of reasons. Where, after the metanarratives, can legitimacy reside? It is being dispersed in clouds of narrative language. The narrative function is losing its functors, its great hero, its great dangers, its great voyages, its great goal. Simplifying to the extreme, I define postmodern as incredulity toward metanarratives. In The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1979), Lyotard highlights the increasing skepticism of the postmodern condition toward the totalizing nature of metanarratives and their reliance on some form of "transcendent and universal truth": Īlthough first used earlier in the 20th century, the term was brought into prominence by Jean-François Lyotard in 1979, with his claim that the postmodern was characterised precisely by a mistrust of the "grand narratives" ( Progress, Enlightenment, Emancipation, Marxism) that had formed an essential part of modernity. " Meta" is Greek for "beyond" "narrative" is a story that is characterized by its telling (it is communicated somehow).
A metanarrative (also meta-narrative and grand narrative French: métarécit or grand récit) is a narrative about narratives of historical meaning, experience, or knowledge, which offers a society legitimation through the anticipated completion of a (as yet unrealized) master idea.
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